The rapid change of globalization factors will force economic policies to evolve continuously to address various economic challenges which cannot be addressed solely by monetary, macroprudential, or fiscal policies but requiring a mix between those policies and other supporting policies.

The emphasis of policy mix is how to have a well-measured approach to address relevant issues in timely manners. It is becoming more relevant now as global society are preparing for a new norm with the emergence of the digital economy and the advancement of technological progress, accelerated by the current ongoing pandemic. These state of the world fully embodied the terminology of TUNA (turbulence, uncertainty, novelty and ambiguity), accentuated by hyper-connectedness, higher degree of openness and wider and faster contagious spillover effects within country and region.